1. Where do hormones produce their effect ?
Answer
At their target organ.
2. Describe the three main ways that water is lost from the body.
Answer
Through the lungs during exhalation, from the skin in sweat, through the kidneys as urine.
3. Which hormone is inhibited by oral contraceptives and what is the effect of inhibiting this hormone ?
Answer
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) so no eggs mature.
4. The figure below shows some of the organs that make up the human endocrine system. Name the organs labelled A–D.
Answer
5. Suggest why the blood glucose concentration of a healthy person may increase temporarily.
Answer
The person ate a meal containing carbohydrate or drank a sugary drink.
6. Suggest one reason for the increase in the number of people with diabetes.
Answer
Rise in levels of obesity.
7. The kidneys controls nitrogen balance in the body by excreting a nitrogen-containing chemical produced when excess amino acids are broken down. Describe how the nitrogen-containing chemical is produced.
Answer
Excess amino acids are deaminated in the liver producing the toxic chemical ammonia which is converted into urea for excretion by the kidneys.
8. Identify the process that occurs on day 12 of the menstrual cycle.
Answer
That process is ovulation.
9. Give some advantages of using condoms.
Answer
Condoms can be used to prevent unwanted pregnancy and to reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV and gonorrhoea.
10. Suggest why doctors usually insert only one or two embryos into the mother during IVF treatment.
Answer
Inserting more embryos can lead to multiple births which are a risk to both the babies and the mother.