1. What is a "hormone" ?
Answer
Chemical secreted by the endocrine system.
2. What is excess glucose converted to for storage in humans ?
Answer
Glucose is converted into glycogen.
3. Name the main male reproductive hormone and state where it is produced.
Answer
Testosterone produced in the testes.
4. Name the two hormones found in "fertility drugs".
Answer
FSH and LH.
5. The adrenal gland and the thyroid gland produce hormones. Describe the roles of the hormones that each gland produces.
Answer
The adrenal glands produce adrenaline in times of fear or stress. It increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, preparing the body for 'flight or fight'. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine which stimulates the basal metabolic rate and plays an important role in growth and development.
6. Describe how type 1 and type 2 diabetes are treated.
Answer
Type 1 diabetes is normally treated with insulin injections. Type 2 diabetes is commonly treated with a carbohydrate‑controlled diet and an exercise regimen.
7. Explain why the runner's face appears red during the race.
Answer
Dilation of the blood vessels supplying the skin capillaries causes more blood to flow near the skin surface.
8. Kidney failure can be treated by using kidney dialysis. The figure below shows how a dialysis machine works. Describe how kidney dialysis works.
Answer
Patient's blood passes out of the patient's body and through the machine next to dialysis fluid. The blood and dialysis fluid are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. The dialysis fluid has the optimum concentrations of glucose and ions, so there is no net diffusion of glucose out of the blood. The dialysis fluid contains no urea, so urea diffuses out of the blood.
9. Oral contraceptives contain hormones. Explain how the oral contraceptive pill works.
Answer
Contains hormones that inhibit FSH production so that no eggs mature.
10. State where the hormones FSH and LH are normally produced.
Answer
They are normally produced in the pituitary gland.